Wideband Measurements in Newborns: Relationship to Otoscopic Findings

................................................................................................................ iii Résumé ................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgments .............................................................................................. viii List of figures ........................................................................................................ ix List of tables ........................................................................................................... x List of abbreviations ............................................................................................ xi Chapter 1: Introduction ....................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Outline .......................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 2: Anatomy of the Ear ........................................................................... 7 2.1 Overview ...................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Pinna ............................................................................................................. 9 2.3 External Ear Canal ..................................................................................... 9 2.4 Tympanic Membrane ............................................................................... 11 2.5 Ossicles ....................................................................................................... 13 2.6 Middle-Ear Cavity and Eustachian Tube ............................................... 15 Chapter 3: Newborn Hearing Screening .......................................................... 16 3.1 Basic Principles ......................................................................................... 16 3.2 Otoacoustic Emission ................................................................................ 17 3.3 Auditory Brainstem Response ................................................................. 19 3.4 Tympanometry .......................................................................................... 21 3.4.1 226-Hz Tympanometry in Newborns ............................................... 25 3.4.2 1-kHz Tympanometry in Newborns ................................................. 26 3.5 Wideband Reflectance .............................................................................. 27 Chapter 4: Materials and Methods ................................................................... 30 4.1 Subjects ...................................................................................................... 30 4.2 Instruments ................................................................................................ 31 4.2.1 Otoscopy .............................................................................................. 31 4.2.2 Wideband Measurement System ...................................................... 31